The development of the mural frontier in Britain from Hadrian to Caracalla

Abstract

Examination and comparison of the designs of Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall indicates the extent to which the Antonine planners benefited from the experience gained on the earlier frontier. In contrast to Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall was built with a minimum of alterations, with significant differences in design, and with greater flexibility. This experience in turn influenced the 3rd-century modifications to Hadrian's Wall. Neither wall was totally successful because each was built in the wrong place; the answer would have been a frontier along the Cheviot line. A R